Abstract: Macrophages are immune cells widely distributed in various human tissues, and play an important role in tumor immunity and critical illness. As the component of mononuclear phagocyte system, macrophages are mainly responsible for phagocytizing dead cells, cell debris, pathogen and other foreign substances. Besides, roles of macrophage markers in signal transduction and regulation are …
Abstract: GLP-1 is the hormone secreted by intestinal L cell. Food intake can activate GLP-1 receptor to regulate blood sugar level. GLP-1 decreases blood sugar via reducing the secretion of glucagon and promoting islet β cell to secrete insulin. Besides, GLP-1 helps the proliferation and protection of islet β cell. However, GLP-1 is rapidly hydrolyzed …
Abstract: Hypertension refers to long-term higher arterial blood pressure. The consistent blood pressure reading of 130/80 or 140/90 mmHg may be hypertension. Essential and secondary hypertension are the two types, 90%-95% of which is essential hypertension with unknown etiology, possibly induced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Secondary hypertension(5%-10%) is caused by some …
Abstract: Cadherin protein is the important cell surface protein family, including E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, VE-Cadherin, P-Cadherin, R-Cadherin and K-Cadherin. E-Cadherin is also called intercellular adhesion molecule-1(CDH1) and plays a key role in intercellular junction. CDH1 maintains cell adhesion and complete structure via involving in cell polarity and migration. The general expression in epithelial tissue is important …
Abstract: Programmed cell death-1(PD-1) and its ligand 1(PD-L1) are important immune checkpoints regulating adaptive immune response. PD-1 consists of 288 amino acids and is mainly expressed in activated T cell, B cell and tumor infiltrating lymphocyte. PD-L1 consists of 290 amino acids and is widely distributed in tumor and antigen presenting cells. They interact with …
Abstract: Non-specific antibody binding plays a key role in getting accurate results during flow cytometry. High non-specificity not only produces false positive signal, but also can conceal true biomarkers. Thus, it’s important to identify the source and effects of non-specificity. Optimization of experimental condition, proper antibody selection and strict control can effectively decrease non-specificity and …
Abstract: Controls play an important role in flow cytometry. Accurate and reliable results can’t be obtained without proper controls. First, signals are relative(e.g. diffused light and fluorescence signal). Thus, blank or unstained control is required to define signal range. Second, during setting gating of the target cell population, various controls help to determine the gating …
Abstract: Kallikrein 2(KLK2) is the trypsin-like serine protease, about 78% homologous with prostate-specific antigen(PSA). Androgen receptor(AR) regulated-KLK2 is specifically expressed in prostatic epithelial and cancer cells. KLK2 plays an important role in the development of prostate cancer, and relevant to tumor invasion. Thus, KLK2 is considered to be a potential biomarker for prostate cancer targeted …
Abstract: Blood tumor markers are biomolecules detecting and monitoring the existence and development of certain types of cancer. They usually evaluate concentration of specific substances in the body via detecting blood sample. The level of these substances may increase when suffering from some tumors. The increased level of markers is not induced by all tumors, …
Abstract: Accurate quantification of protein concentration plays an important role in a successful molecular biology and biochemical research. Protein is the key biomacromolecule featured with various types, complex structure and different molecular weight. Currently, protein quantification technologies are various with advantages and disadvantages. Thus, selection of calculating protein concentration depends on different experimental requirements. Keywords: …
