Apoptosis(also called programmed cell death) is a kind of programmed and gene-controlled cell death type. It’s one of the key mechanisms for maintaining normal growth and homeostasis in organisms. Annexin V is the indicator for detecting early cell apoptosis, which has a high affinity for PS(photosensitive serine). In the early apoptosis, PS flips from the …
Abstract: Macrophages are derived from monocytes and produced by the differentiated monocytes in the blood. They’re a kind of leukocyte in the tissue. The volume, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosome and phagocytic function increases, after monocytes enter connective tissues. Some macrophage polarization markers are specified below. Keywords: Macrophage Polarization, Macrophage and Monocyte, Macrophage Function 1. Macrophage …
Abstract: Role of Tnf Alpha in cancer can kill and inhibit cytokines of tumor cells. As the important inflammatory mediator, it’s involved in pathologic injury of some autoimmune diseases and promotions for neutrophil phagocytosis, anti-infection against fever, hepatic acute phase protein synthesis, differentiation of myeloid leukemia cell into macrophage, cell proliferation and differentiation etc. Keywords: …
Abstract: GM-CSF (also called CSF2) is a monomeric glycoprotein generated by various cells. Initially, GM-CSF is identified as the hemopoietic factor and functions as a cytokine by secreting macrophage, T cell, mast cell, natural killer cell, endothelial cell and fibroblast. Actually, GM-CSF regulates innate and adaptive immunity as an inflammatory factor instead of the key …
Lysosome Lysosomes are shaped variously and vesicular structures (0.025 to 0.8 micrometers in size) containing numerous hydrolytic enzymes. Their intracellular function is to break down external substances that have entered the cell, as well as to digest portions of the cell’s own cytoplasm or organelles. LAMP1 and LAMP2 are two transmembrane proteins located on the …
Abstract: Organelles are micro-organs which have specific morphology and function in the cytoplasm, mainly including mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, centrosome, chloroplast, ribosome etc. They’re the basic cellular structure and maintain the normal working of the cell. Some organelle markers are specified below. Keywords: Organelle Marker, Ribosome, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi bodies Graph Abstract 1. Ribosome Ribosome …
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1. Overview Isotype control antibodies refer to the immunoglobulin sharing the same species, subtype and dose as the primary antibody. It’s mainly applied in removing the background signal caused by non-specific binding. 2. The Purpose of Isotype Control We know that the antibody structure is divided into a constant region and a variable region. The …
1. Loading Control Antibodies Loading control antibodies are widely used in WB to detect loading control protein expression level and ensure accuracy of experimental results by correcting the error during protein quantitation and sample loading. Besides, loading control can be used as blank control to detect protein transmembrane situation, the staining or ECL process of …
Abstract: Mitochondrion plays an important role in cellular energy metabolism and is the necessary organelle for eukaryote. Mitochondrion has its own genome and is more independent than other organelles like Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, ribosome etc. 11 mitochondrial markers are specified below. Keywords: Mitochondrial Marker Antibody, Mitochondrial Protein, Organelle 1. Overview of …
