Abstract: Blood tumor markers are biomolecules detecting and monitoring the existence and development of certain types of cancer. They usually evaluate concentration of specific substances in the body via detecting blood sample. The level of these substances may increase when suffering from some tumors. The increased level of markers is not induced by all tumors, …
Abstract: Accurate quantification of protein concentration plays an important role in a successful molecular biology and biochemical research. Protein is the key biomacromolecule featured with various types, complex structure and different molecular weight. Currently, protein quantification technologies are various with advantages and disadvantages. Thus, selection of calculating protein concentration depends on different experimental requirements. Keywords: …
Abstract: Insulin resistance refers to reduced cell response to insulin, leading to inefficient entrance of glucose into cells and more insulins secreted by pancreas. Long-term insulin resistance can increase the risk of Type 2 Diabetes and obesity due to heredity, improper diet and insufficient exercise etc. Treatments include improved diet, increased exercise, weight loss and …
Abstract: Prostate cancer is the common male cancer mainly found in the glandula surrounding the beginning of urethra. Early symptoms are not obvious. With the development of the disease, some symptoms may appear, such as dysuria, weak or interrupted urine flow, hematuria, osteodynia etc. Prostate cancer marker test is specified below, including PSA, PSP, PCA3, …
Abstract: Cervical cancer (CC) is a malignant tumor of the female genital tract, and mainly induced by HPV infection(especially HPV16 and 18). Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common one. CC is considered to be a sexually transmitted disease, since the key cause of disease development is persistent infection of HR-HPV. Early symptoms are not …
Abstract: TGF Beta signaling pathway consists of ligands, receptor complex and signaling molecule SMADs from TGF Beta family, including Smad dependent pathway and non-Smad pathway. TGF Beta is the versatile immune cytokine. Members of TGF Beta superfamily also include bone morphogenetic protein(BMPs), activin and inhibin etc. In mammals, there are three subtypes of TGF Beta …
Abstract: In murine immunology research, IgG subclasses of monoclonal antibody play an important role in evaluating function and features. Types of mouse IgG subclasses include IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG2c, IgG3 etc. Biological effects of these subclasses are different in immune system. IgG antibodies are commonly applied in research, diagnosis and treatment, and also involved …
Abstract: Cell senescence is the biological process during which cell death is induced by the gradual loss of normal structure and function. This process is related to many fields like anti-aging research and cell therapy. Cell senescence can be induced by many factors, including stimulation of internal signaling pathway, free radical damage, gene expression …
Abstract: Autophagy is the process during which cells transferred damaged, denatured or aging proteins to lysosomes. It removes these substances by the digestion and degradation of lysosomes. As the self-degradation mechanism, Autophagy widely exists in cells and plays an important role especially in removing metabolized waste and providing energy required for normal cell functions. Keywords: …
Abstract: Protein kinase is the enzyme catalyzing protein phosphorylation, and involved in key processes like cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis etc. 518 kinases have been found in human body and formed complex regulatory network. Recent researches show protein kinase plays an important role in gene expression, DNA repair and tumor microenvironment remodeling. Mutation or deficiency …
