Abstract: Hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs) are pluripotent stem cells mainly resident in bone marrow. Long-term self-renewal enables differentiation into various mature blood cells. Differentiation pathway forms two kinds of progenitor cells: common lymphoid progenitor(CLPs) and common myeloid progenitor(CMPs). CLPs further grow into T/B/NK cell. CMPs are differentiated into monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, red blood cells, megakaryocytes(platelet …

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Abstract: Gout is the systemic inflammatory arthropathy during which abnormal metabolism of purine induced hyperuricemia promotes deposition of MSU crystal(monosodium urate) in joints and soft tissues. Symptoms of acute attacks are MSU crystal induced severe sterile arthritis. Recurrent development becomes chronic gout. Tophi with chronic inflammation and tissue damage induce arthralgia, deformity, and functional impairment. …

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Abstract: Autoimmune diseases(AID) are derived from abnormal attack of immune system against autoantigen. Typical case is systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). The pathogenesis is involved in over-activation and decreased immune tolerance of B and T cell. In the subpopulation of CD4⁺ T cell, roles of Th17 and Treg cell in AID and inflammatory process are important. TGF-β …

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Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is the chronic respiratory disease restricted by continuous airflow, including chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. Main inducers are long-term smoking, air pollution, and respiratory infection. As the third most common cause of death worldwide, the high incidence rate of COPD usually induces recurrent acute exacerbation and progressive decrease of lung …

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Abstract:  Flow cytometry is the most advanced cell quantitative analysis technology with high specificity, sensitivity and rapid detection for multi-parameter. Wide clinical applications include immunophenotyping for leukemia and lymphoma and therapeutic evaluation for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Roles of cellular immunophenotyping analysis are very important, including single cell suspension preparation, cell surface staining, intracellular or …

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Abstract: Magnetic-activated cell sorting(MACS) or flow cytometry usually uses EDTA or heparin sodium-anticoagulated peripheral whole blood as the sample. Two pre-treatment methods for preparing cells: a. lyse red blood cells with hemolysin. Nuclear cells are retained for further analysis; b. density gradient centrifugation(e.g. Ficoll or Percoll) separates peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs). Centrifugation forms density stratification …

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Abstract: Fc receptor(FcR) is the cell surface protein specifically binding with Fc fragment of antibodies. Different immunocytes express different types of FcR to recognize relevant antibodies. In flow cytometry, IgG monoclonal antibodies are commonly used for staining, and mainly bind with Fcγ receptor(FcγR). According to affinity differences in IgG Fc fragment, FcγR contains three subgroups: …

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Abstract:  Sjögren’s syndrome is the chronic autoimmune disease, including symptoms like xeroderma, xerophthalmia and xerostomia etc induced by abnormal attack from immune system. Severe cases can affect visceral organs and result in multiple system damage. This disease can occur irrelevantly, also secondary to autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus etc. Various clinical manifestations …

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Abstract: Flow cytometry plays an important role in immunological research, analyzing and sorting cell populations rapidly and accurately via proper selection of cell surface markers. Lymphocytes mainly include T/B/NK cell, taking effects in body’s immune response respectively. T cell is derived from common lymphoid progenitors. Ordered development in thymus enables entry into peripheral blood and …

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Abstract:   PARP(Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) is the nucleoprotein found in eukaryotic cells, involved in DNA damage repair, gene expression regulation and apoptosis etc. PARP1 is one of the most completely studied members. Roles in DNA damage response(DDR) are important, maintaining genomic stability and cell health. Functions of PARP in various important biological processes show its significance …

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