PD-1 and PD-L1 in Cancer

Abstract: Programmed cell death-1(PD-1) and its ligand 1(PD-L1) are important immune checkpoints regulating adaptive immune response. PD-1 consists of 288 amino acids and is mainly expressed in activated T cell, B cell and tumor infiltrating lymphocyte. PD-L1 consists of 290 amino acids and is widely distributed in tumor and antigen presenting cells. They interact with …

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ADLM 2025 Review

On July 31, 2025, the high quality and largest annual laboratory medicine event: 77th Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (ADLM) was successfully held in McCormick Place Convention Center, Chicago. FineTest attended the expo at booth 5236, showing the core product line. The great innovations and professional services attracted many professionals. Great Influences This event …

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CILSE 2025

FineTest would like to invite you to visit the company’s booth at CILSE 2025. Location: Area B of the Canton Fair Complex, Guangzhou, China Date: August 22-24, 2025 Booth: Hall 12.2, B30 Your presence is FineTest’s honor, thank you and welcome!

Non-specific Antibody Binding in Flow Cytometry

Abstract: Non-specific antibody binding plays a key role in getting accurate results during flow cytometry. High non-specificity not only produces false positive signal, but also can conceal true biomarkers. Thus, it’s important to identify the source and effects of non-specificity. Optimization of experimental condition, proper antibody selection and strict control can effectively decrease non-specificity and …

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Controls in Flow Cytometry

Abstract: Controls play an important role in flow cytometry. Accurate and reliable results can’t be obtained without proper controls. First, signals are relative(e.g. diffused light and fluorescence signal). Thus, blank or unstained control is required to define signal range. Second, during setting gating of the target cell population, various controls help to determine the gating …

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Targeted Therapy for KLK2 Prostate Cancer

Abstract: Kallikrein 2(KLK2) is the trypsin-like serine protease, about 78% homologous with prostate-specific antigen(PSA). Androgen receptor(AR) regulated-KLK2 is specifically expressed in prostatic epithelial and cancer cells. KLK2 plays an important role in the development of prostate cancer, and relevant to tumor invasion. Thus, KLK2 is considered to be a potential biomarker for prostate cancer targeted …

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Common Blood Tumor Markers

Abstract: Blood tumor markers are biomolecules detecting and monitoring the existence and development of certain types of cancer. They usually evaluate concentration of specific substances in the body via detecting blood sample. The level of these substances may increase when suffering from some tumors. The increased level of markers is not induced by all tumors, …

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Ways to Determine Protein Concentration

Abstract:   Accurate quantification of protein concentration plays an important role in a successful molecular biology and biochemical research. Protein is the key biomacromolecule featured with various types, complex structure and different molecular weight. Currently, protein quantification technologies are various with advantages and disadvantages. Thus, selection of calculating protein concentration depends on different experimental requirements. Keywords: …

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Blood Sugar Levels for Insulin Resistance

Abstract:  Insulin resistance refers to reduced cell response to insulin, leading to inefficient entrance of glucose into cells and more insulins secreted by pancreas. Long-term insulin resistance can increase the risk of Type 2 Diabetes and obesity due to heredity, improper diet and insufficient exercise etc. Treatments include improved diet, increased exercise, weight loss and …

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Prostate Cancer Marker Test

Abstract:  Prostate cancer is the common male cancer mainly found in the glandula surrounding the beginning of urethra. Early symptoms are not obvious. With the development of the disease, some symptoms may appear, such as dysuria, weak or interrupted urine flow, hematuria, osteodynia etc. Prostate cancer marker test is specified below, including PSA, PSP, PCA3, …

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