Abstract: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was first found in 1971. ELISA performs the qualitative or quantitative analysis for trace substances in the sample. First, fix antigen or antibody on solid phase carrier(e.g. polystyrene well). Then, add enzyme-labeled antibody or antigen with high specificity. Wash off unbound components. Finally, add TMB substrate solution and observe the staining …
Abstract: NF-κB(Nuclear Factor Kappa B) is the important nuclear transcription factor, and involved in cellular response to various stimulation. NF-κB pathway regulates inflammation, immunity, cell survival and proliferation via canonical and non-canonical activation. Rapid response of canonical pathway depends on NF-κB dimer activated by IKK complex. Non-canonical pathway mediates p100 and converts to p52 via …
Abstract: EGFR(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) is a HER family member, and widely distributed on the surface of various cells. Roles of EGFR include regulation of cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. The mutation or overexpression is closely related to tumor. In recent years, EGFR researches focus on small molecule inhibitors, ADC drugs and polyclonal and monoclonal …
Abstract: Flow cytometry is widely applied in cell phenotype and function. The reliability of experimental results usually depends on the quality of prepared samples, especially high-quality single cell suspension from tissues. The preparation process requires for strictly-controlled enzymolysis conditions to avoid cell injury. Tissue samples(e.g. cancer or immune organs) are important sources for obtaining single …
Abstract: Angiogenesis refers to the neovascularization process completed by endothelial cell migration, proliferation and remodeling of preexisting vessels, relevant to physiological tissue repair, embryonic development and pathological diseases(e.g. tumor, ischemic diseases). Unlike vasculogenesis, angiogenesis happens in adult tissue and relies on the vascular expansion. In recent years, roles of angiogenesis in cancer treatment, ischemic diseases …
Abstract: Cells in flow cytometry experiments are processed as single cell suspension, following surface marker staining or intracellular target staining for further analysis or sorting through fixation and permeabilization. Important roles of flow cytometry buffers for sample preparation include protection of antigenic epitopes, ensuing antibody-target binding and reduced interference of background signal. Thus, selection of …
Abstract: Determination of suitable antibody concentration is an important problem in immunophenotype. Excessive or insufficient staining reagents can cause increased non-specific staining and experimental cost, and decreased signal noise ratio. The titration process effectively analyzes the positive background signal with the minimum antibody content saturating all binding sites. The evaluation of antibody performance in the …
Abstract: Bcl-2(B-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 2) is the key anti-apoptotic protein, and can maintain cell survival via inhibiting apoptosis. Bcl-2 family includes over 20 kinds of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins. Overexpression of Bcl-2 is closely related to the development and resistance to medical therapy of various cancers. Important roles of Bcl-2 in cancer research and cells show …
Abstract: Chemokines consist of over 50 kinds of polypeptides. Their roles in immune response and cancer treatment are very important. They coordinate the recruitment of immune cells, spatial distribution in the tissue and interaction. Chemokines include four types: CXC(α subfamily), CC(β subfamily), XC(γ subfamily) and CX3C(δ subfamily). Multiple roles of chemokines and their pathways in …
Abstract: Panel design plays an important role in flow cytometry and determines the quality of experimental results. The accuracy of experimental results is affected by cell surface antigen, antibody selection, fluorochrome labelling and reagent combination. With the technical development, modern flow cytometers can synchronously detect over 40 parameters and analyse more complex problems. Proper panel …
