Abstract: BMPs(bone morphogenetic proteins) family contains several subtypes, widely involved in developmental regulation of various organs and tissues. Roles in osteoblastic differentiation are important. BMP-2 is one of BMP proteins with the strongest‌ osteogenic potential, promoting directional differentiation and proliferation of undifferentiated MSCs(mesenchymal stem cells) to chondroblast and osteoblast. Involvement in development, homeostasis maintenance and …

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Abstract:  Hepatocyte-derived PCSK9(Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) is the important target for lipid-lowering drugs, also expressed in small intestine, renal interstitial cells and neuron. PCSK9 is not only closely related to autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. Important roles in regulating lipid metabolism in vivo also affect development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Thus, PCSK9 becomes the …

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Abstract: Interleukin-4(IL-4) is the pleiotropic cytokine mainly secreted by activated Th2 T-lymphocyte, also less produced by mast cells and basophils. IL-4 plays a key role in type II immune regulation, and development, differentiation and function of immune system, including driving differentiation of T-helper 2, IgE class switching in B cells and alternative macrophage activation etc. …

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Abstract: In flow cytometry, Clone ID is the unique identifier of monoclonal antibody, and derived from single B cell cloning for antibody production against specific determinant. Each Clone ID represents an independent cloning system. Identification of the same antigen by different Clone IDs shows differences in epitope, affinity and response spectrum. Clone ID ensures specificity …

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Abstract: Hematopoiesis refers to gradual differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell(HSC) to various progenitor cells with different proliferation and differentiation potentials. With the rapid development of multicolor flow cytometry, heterogeneity analysis for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell(HSPC) is gradually deeper. A highly effective 14-color full spectrum flow cytometry can analyze subpopulation components of mouse HSC and HSPC, …

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Abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) mainly include ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn’s disease(CD), affecting about six to eight million people around the world. Features of IBD include chronicity, progressiveness and recurrence, obviously affecting patients’ quality of life and increasing medical expense. IBD is usually considered to be derived from abnormal immune response of genetic suscept to microorganism. …

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Abstract: Natural killer cells(NK cells) are important effector cells in innate immune system, and their roles in anti-virus and anti-tumor immunity are also significant. High purity NK cells are usually separated from peripheral blood mononuclear cell via density gradient centrifugation and magnetic-activated cell sorting(MACS). Cell amplification in vitro via IL-2 or IL-15 maintains activity and …

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Abstract: Atherosclerosis is the chronic vascular disease induced by deposited substances(e.g. fat and cholesterol in artery wall). Formed plaque stiffens and narrows artery to block blood flow. Causes of atherosclerosis development are complex. The inflammation indicates important roles of inflammatory cells and factors. Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Chronic Vascular Disease, Inflammation, Plaque 1. Risk Factors in Atherosclerosis …

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Abstract: Fluorescent proteins(FPs) are derived from marine organisms(e.g. jellyfish, coral etc). They can realize autofluorescence without exogenous substrates. Their roles in modern life science research are very important. Wide applications of fluorescent proteins in flow cytometry include labeling, gene expression tracking, protein localization and cellular dynamics. This article presents fluorescent proteins from basic features, type …

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