Abstract: Magnetic-activated cell sorting(MACS) or flow cytometry usually uses EDTA or heparin sodium-anticoagulated peripheral whole blood as the sample. Two pre-treatment methods for preparing cells: a. lyse red blood cells with hemolysin. Nuclear cells are retained for further analysis; b. density gradient centrifugation(e.g. Ficoll or Percoll) separates peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs). Centrifugation forms density stratification …
Abstract: Fc receptor(FcR) is the cell surface protein specifically binding with Fc fragment of antibodies. Different immunocytes express different types of FcR to recognize relevant antibodies. In flow cytometry, IgG monoclonal antibodies are commonly used for staining, and mainly bind with Fcγ receptor(FcγR). According to affinity differences in IgG Fc fragment, FcγR contains three subgroups: …
Abstract: Sjögren’s syndrome is the chronic autoimmune disease, including symptoms like xeroderma, xerophthalmia and xerostomia etc induced by abnormal attack from immune system. Severe cases can affect visceral organs and result in multiple system damage. This disease can occur irrelevantly, also secondary to autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus etc. Various clinical manifestations …
Abstract: Flow cytometry plays an important role in immunological research, analyzing and sorting cell populations rapidly and accurately via proper selection of cell surface markers. Lymphocytes mainly include T/B/NK cell, taking effects in body’s immune response respectively. T cell is derived from common lymphoid progenitors. Ordered development in thymus enables entry into peripheral blood and …
Abstract: PARP(Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) is the nucleoprotein found in eukaryotic cells, involved in DNA damage repair, gene expression regulation and apoptosis etc. PARP1 is one of the most completely studied members. Roles in DNA damage response(DDR) are important, maintaining genomic stability and cell health. Functions of PARP in various important biological processes show its significance …
Abstract: BMPs(bone morphogenetic proteins) family contains several subtypes, widely involved in developmental regulation of various organs and tissues. Roles in osteoblastic differentiation are important. BMP-2 is one of BMP proteins with the strongest osteogenic potential, promoting directional differentiation and proliferation of undifferentiated MSCs(mesenchymal stem cells) to chondroblast and osteoblast. Involvement in development, homeostasis maintenance and …
Abstract: Hepatocyte-derived PCSK9(Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) is the important target for lipid-lowering drugs, also expressed in small intestine, renal interstitial cells and neuron. PCSK9 is not only closely related to autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. Important roles in regulating lipid metabolism in vivo also affect development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Thus, PCSK9 becomes the …
Abstract: Interleukin-4(IL-4) is the pleiotropic cytokine mainly secreted by activated Th2 T-lymphocyte, also less produced by mast cells and basophils. IL-4 plays a key role in type II immune regulation, and development, differentiation and function of immune system, including driving differentiation of T-helper 2, IgE class switching in B cells and alternative macrophage activation etc. …
Abstract: In flow cytometry, Clone ID is the unique identifier of monoclonal antibody, and derived from single B cell cloning for antibody production against specific determinant. Each Clone ID represents an independent cloning system. Identification of the same antigen by different Clone IDs shows differences in epitope, affinity and response spectrum. Clone ID ensures specificity …
Abstract: Hematopoiesis refers to gradual differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell(HSC) to various progenitor cells with different proliferation and differentiation potentials. With the rapid development of multicolor flow cytometry, heterogeneity analysis for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell(HSPC) is gradually deeper. A highly effective 14-color full spectrum flow cytometry can analyze subpopulation components of mouse HSC and HSPC, …
