Abstract: Determination of suitable antibody concentration is an important problem in immunophenotype. Excessive or insufficient staining reagents can cause increased non-specific staining and experimental cost, and decreased signal noise ratio. The titration process effectively analyzes the positive background signal with the minimum antibody content saturating all binding sites. The evaluation of antibody performance in the …
Abstract: Bcl-2(B-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 2) is the key anti-apoptotic protein, and can maintain cell survival via inhibiting apoptosis. Bcl-2 family includes over 20 kinds of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins. Overexpression of Bcl-2 is closely related to the development and resistance to medical therapy of various cancers. Important roles of Bcl-2 in cancer research and cells show …
Abstract: Chemokines consist of over 50 kinds of polypeptides. Their roles in immune response and cancer treatment are very important. They coordinate the recruitment of immune cells, spatial distribution in the tissue and interaction. Chemokines include four types: CXC(α subfamily), CC(β subfamily), XC(γ subfamily) and CX3C(δ subfamily). Multiple roles of chemokines and their pathways in …
Abstract: Panel design plays an important role in flow cytometry and determines the quality of experimental results. The accuracy of experimental results is affected by cell surface antigen, antibody selection, fluorochrome labelling and reagent combination. With the technical development, modern flow cytometers can synchronously detect over 40 parameters and analyse more complex problems. Proper panel …
Abstract: Macrophages are immune cells widely distributed in various human tissues, and play an important role in tumor immunity and critical illness. As the component of mononuclear phagocyte system, macrophages are mainly responsible for phagocytizing dead cells, cell debris, pathogen and other foreign substances. Besides, roles of macrophage markers in signal transduction and regulation are …
Abstract: GLP-1 is the hormone secreted by intestinal L cell. Food intake can activate GLP-1 receptor to regulate blood sugar level. GLP-1 decreases blood sugar via reducing the secretion of glucagon and promoting islet β cell to secrete insulin. Besides, GLP-1 helps the proliferation and protection of islet β cell. However, GLP-1 is rapidly hydrolyzed …
Abstract: Hypertension refers to long-term higher arterial blood pressure. The consistent blood pressure reading of 130/80 or 140/90 mmHg may be hypertension. Essential and secondary hypertension are the two types, 90%-95% of which is essential hypertension with unknown etiology, possibly induced by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Secondary hypertension(5%-10%) is caused by some …
Abstract: Cadherin protein is the important cell surface protein family, including E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, VE-Cadherin, P-Cadherin, R-Cadherin and K-Cadherin. E-Cadherin is also called intercellular adhesion molecule-1(CDH1) and plays a key role in intercellular junction. CDH1 maintains cell adhesion and complete structure via involving in cell polarity and migration. The general expression in epithelial tissue is important …
Abstract: Programmed cell death-1(PD-1) and its ligand 1(PD-L1) are important immune checkpoints regulating adaptive immune response. PD-1 consists of 288 amino acids and is mainly expressed in activated T cell, B cell and tumor infiltrating lymphocyte. PD-L1 consists of 290 amino acids and is widely distributed in tumor and antigen presenting cells. They interact with …
Abstract: Non-specific antibody binding plays a key role in getting accurate results during flow cytometry. High non-specificity not only produces false positive signal, but also can conceal true biomarkers. Thus, it’s important to identify the source and effects of non-specificity. Optimization of experimental condition, proper antibody selection and strict control can effectively decrease non-specificity and …
