Abstract: Collagen protein is the main structural component of extracellular matrix and plays an important role in mechanical stability of various tissues, tissue structure and morphology. One-third of total proteins in human body are collagen proteins. There are 28 kinds of collagen proteins with different advanced tissue structure. The most common one can form fibre. …
1. TNF Alpha and Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease involving multiple inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α, a crucial inflammatory mediator, is a monocyte-derived cytokine primarily produced by monocytes and macrophages, playing an important role in immune responses by regulating inflammation and activation of immune cells. Its …
Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is an autoimmune diseases featured with slow onset, insidious occurrence, clinical manifestations. SLE is involved in many system and organ autoimmune diseases and has an effect on skin, serosa, joints, kidney and central nervous system etc. Cellular and humoral immune dysfunctions produce many autoantibodies. Keywords: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Autoimmune Disease, Inflammation …
FineTest ELISA kits are used for the detection and quantification of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies such as Bevacizumab® and biosimilars including rituximab and adalimumab, as well as the immunogenicity detection of Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADAs). Advantages of These ELISA Kits High Specificity No cross-reaction with non-target human serum protein or immunoglobulin High Sensitivity High sensitivity and wide …
HCPs are cellular structural and secretory proteins produced during cell culture process. It’s reported that HCPs can stimulate the human immune system, triggering allergic reactions or other adverse responses. Besides, HCPs may induce the production of antibodies against protein drugs in the body, affecting the therapeutic effects of the drugs. ELISA assay is a widely …
Apoptosis(also called programmed cell death) is a kind of programmed and gene-controlled cell death type. It’s one of the key mechanisms for maintaining normal growth and homeostasis in organisms. Annexin V is the indicator for detecting early cell apoptosis, which has a high affinity for PS(photosensitive serine). In the early apoptosis, PS flips from the …
Abstract: Macrophages are derived from monocytes and produced by the differentiated monocytes in the blood. They’re a kind of leukocyte in the tissue. The volume, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosome and phagocytic function increases, after monocytes enter connective tissues. Some macrophage polarization markers are specified below. Keywords: Macrophage Polarization, Macrophage and Monocyte, Macrophage Function 1. Macrophage …
Abstract: Role of Tnf Alpha in cancer can kill and inhibit cytokines of tumor cells. As the important inflammatory mediator, it’s involved in pathologic injury of some autoimmune diseases and promotions for neutrophil phagocytosis, anti-infection against fever, hepatic acute phase protein synthesis, differentiation of myeloid leukemia cell into macrophage, cell proliferation and differentiation etc. Keywords: …
Abstract: GM-CSF (also called CSF2) is a monomeric glycoprotein generated by various cells. Initially, GM-CSF is identified as the hemopoietic factor and functions as a cytokine by secreting macrophage, T cell, mast cell, natural killer cell, endothelial cell and fibroblast. Actually, GM-CSF regulates innate and adaptive immunity as an inflammatory factor instead of the key …
Lysosome Lysosomes are shaped variously and vesicular structures (0.025 to 0.8 micrometers in size) containing numerous hydrolytic enzymes. Their intracellular function is to break down external substances that have entered the cell, as well as to digest portions of the cell’s own cytoplasm or organelles. LAMP1 and LAMP2 are two transmembrane proteins located on the …
