Abstract: HER2 is the transmembrane glycoprotein of epidermal growth factor receptor family, involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Abnormal expression or mutation is closely related to tumor invasiveness and poor prognosis. This article summarizes HER2 targeted therapy, biological characteristics, signaling pathway and regulatory mechanism. Keywords: HER2 Targeted Therapy, HER2 Protein Function, HER2 Signaling Pathway 1. …
Abstract: During flow cytometry analysis of immunology, CD45 marker is nearly used in each antibody combination. As the common antigen of leukocytes, CD45 is widely expressed on the surface of hematopoietic derived leukocytes. Roles in differentiating immune cells and non-immune cells are very important. CD45 is the gating marker required for immunophenotype, tumor microenvironment analysis …
Abstract: Fatty liver refers to excessive fat accumulation in the liver, accounting for more than 5% of liver weight. Changes in diet, less exercising and metabolic diseases(e.g. obesity, hypertension, diabetes etc) increase. The incidence of fatty liver disease(FLD) increases annually. FLD has become one of common hepatopathies worldwide. Early symptoms of most patients are not …
Abstract: After data collection, scientific gating strategy for flow cytometry analysis is required to recognize abnormal cell population in the sample. Data analysis include single and multi-parameter analysis. Important roles of gating in selecting target cell population can remove interference. Accurate identification of cellular phenotype and function provides reliable evidence for disease diagnosis and evaluation. …
Abstract: Pulmonary hypertension(PAH) is the pulmonary arteriole disease featured with persistent vasoconstriction, thickening and remodeling. The increased pulmonary vascular resistance causes right heart failure and even death. Normal pulmonary artery pressure is lower than systemic circulation pressure. If mPAP in resting conditions is above 25 mmHg, pulmonary hypertension is definitely diagnosed. Keywords: Pulmonary Hypertension, Increased …
Abstract: Flow cytometry detects cell surface markers(e.g. CD molecules) via fluorescence-labeled antibodies, and is widely applied in typing and functional analysis of immune cells. Besides surface flow cytometry staining, quantitative analysis can be performed for intracellular or nucleus cytokines, functional proteins and DNA content using fixation and permeabilization technology. Membrane permeability of different dyes is …
Abstract: Interleukin-12(IL-12) is mainly produced by monocyte macrophages. IL-12 promotes differentiation of helper T cell into Th1 cell with antitumor activity, and inhibits tumor promotion of Th2 cytokines via improving IFN-γ production and cell immune. IFN-γ mediated anti-angiogenesis plays an important role in immune regulation and antitumor. Roles of IL-12 family members(e.g. IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, …
Abstract: Flow cytometry is widely applied in immunology and hematology. Difficulties for analyzing brain tissue include complex cell interaction, high-fat induced interference with myelin debris and autofluorescence in brain tissue. Deep investigations on optimizing flow cytometry analysis for brain tissue have been conducted for improving accuracy and reliability, including cell separation, labeling method and data …
Abstract: Principle of Fc block can help to understand when to add Fc blocker during flow cytometry. Antibodies consist of Fab and Fc fragment. The Fab fragment specifically binds with antigens. Except T cells, all leukocytes express Fc receptors(e.g. CD16, CD32, CD64 etc). These receptors specifically bind with Fc fragment, leading to deviated results. Fc …
Abstract: Neutrophils are primary protectors against pathogens. The amount and function are very important for infection prevention. Stimulation of microorganisms produces reactive oxygen species(ROS), releasing neutrophil elastase(NE) and myeloperoxidase(MPO). Cleavage of histones by NE promotes chromatin condensation. Binding between MPO and chromatin enhances unfolding of structure. Finally, chromatin and anti-microbial proteins make up of neutrophil …
